June 3

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  1659: Mathematician and astronomer David Gregory born. At the Union of 1707, he bill be given the responsibility of reorganizing the Scottish Mint.

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  1723: Physician, geologist, and botanist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli born. He will be called the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire".

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  1839: In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kg of opium confiscated from British merchants, preliminary to the First Opium War.

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  1923: Mathematician and dissident Igor Shafarevich born. He will make fundamental contributions to algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry, and arithmetic algebraic geometry.

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  2009: Arnold's cat map is "better than a laser pointer for keeping a cat amused," says Arnold.

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  2010: Mathematician and academic Vladimir Arnold dies. He helped develop the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem regarding the stability of integrable systems.