Template:Selected anniversaries/December 20: Difference between revisions

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||1917: David Joseph Bohm born ... scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind. Bohm advanced the view that quantum physics meant that the old Cartesian model of reality – that there are two kinds of substance, the mental and the physical, that somehow interact – was too limited. To complement it, he developed a mathematical and physical theory of "implicate" and "explicate" order. He also believed that the brain, at the cellular level, works according to the mathematics of some quantum effects, and postulated that thought is distributed and non-localised just as quantum entities are.
||1917: David Joseph Bohm born ... scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind. Bohm advanced the view that quantum physics meant that the old Cartesian model of reality – that there are two kinds of substance, the mental and the physical, that somehow interact – was too limited. To complement it, he developed a mathematical and physical theory of "implicate" and "explicate" order. He also believed that the brain, at the cellular level, works according to the mathematics of some quantum effects, and postulated that thought is distributed and non-localised just as quantum entities are.
|File:Euclid's algorithm.svg|link=Algorithm (nonfiction)|1921: Council of [[Algorithm (nonfiction)|algorithms]] announces plans to fund and build a Museum of Algorithms.


File:Hilbert_curve.gif|link=Hilbert Curve (nonfiction)|1922: [[Hilbert curve (nonfiction)|Hilbert curve]] prevents [[crime against mathematical constants]].
File:Hilbert_curve.gif|link=Hilbert Curve (nonfiction)|1922: [[Hilbert curve (nonfiction)|Hilbert curve]] prevents [[crime against mathematical constants]].


||Boris Mikhailovich Hessen (Russian: Бори́с Миха́йлович Ге́ссен), also Gessen (August 16, 1893, Elisavetgrad – December 20, 1936, Moscow),[1] was a Soviet physicist, philosopher and historian of science. He is most famous for his paper on Newton's Principia which became foundational in historiography of science.
||1936: Boris Mikhailovich Hessen dies ... physicist, philosopher and historian of science. He is most famous for his paper on Newton's Principia which became foundational in historiography of science.


File:EBR-I powers four light bulbs.jpg|link=Experimental Breeder Reactor I (nonfiction)|1951: The [[Experimental Breeder Reactor I (nonfiction)|EBR-1]] in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.
File:EBR-I powers four light bulbs.jpg|link=Experimental Breeder Reactor I (nonfiction)|1951: The [[Experimental Breeder Reactor I (nonfiction)|EBR-1]] in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.
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File:Emil Artin.jpg|link=Emil Artin (nonfiction)|1962: Mathematician [[Emil Artin (nonfiction)|Emil Artin]] dies. He worked on algebraic number theory, contributing to class field theory and a new construction of L-functions. He also contributed to the pure theories of rings, groups and fields.
File:Emil Artin.jpg|link=Emil Artin (nonfiction)|1962: Mathematician [[Emil Artin (nonfiction)|Emil Artin]] dies. He worked on algebraic number theory, contributing to class field theory and a new construction of L-functions. He also contributed to the pure theories of rings, groups and fields.


||1971 – The international aid organization Doctors Without Borders is founded by Bernard Kouchner and a group of journalists in Paris, France.
||1971: The international aid organization Doctors Without Borders is founded by Bernard Kouchner and a group of journalists in Paris, France.
 
||1984: Max Deuring born ... mathematician. He is known for his work in arithmetic geometry, in particular on elliptic curves in characteristic p. He worked also in analytic number theory.


||Max Deuring (b. 20 December 1984) was a mathematician. He is known for his work in arithmetic geometry, in particular on elliptic curves in characteristic p. He worked also in analytic number theory.
||1993: W. Edwards Deming dies ... statistician, author, and academic ... Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the U.S. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.


||1993 – W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, author, and academic (b. 1900) Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the U.S. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
||1994: Dr. Cyril Andrew Ponnamperuma dies ... scientist in the fields of chemical evolution and the origin of life.


||Dr. Cyril Andrew Ponnamperuma (d. 20 December 1994) was a Sri Lankan scientist in the fields of chemical evolution and the origin of life.
||1995: Paris Christos Kanellakis dies ... computer scientist. His scientific contributions lie in the fields of database theory—comprising work on deductive databases, object-oriented databases, and constraint databases—as well as in fault-tolerant distributed computation and in type theory. Pic.


||Paris Christos Kanellakis (d. December 20, 1995) was a Greek American computer scientist. His scientific contributions lie in the fields of database theory—comprising work on deductive databases, object-oriented databases, and constraint databases—as well as in fault-tolerant distributed computation and in type theory. Pic.
||1996: Carl Sagan dies ... astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist.


||1996 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (b. 1934)
||1998: Alan Lloyd Hodgkin dies ... physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1998 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
||2005: Raoul Bott dies ... mathematician and academic.


||2005 – Raoul Bott, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923)
||2008: Friedrich Hans Beck dies ... physicist. His research interests were focused on superconductivity, nuclear and elementary particle physics, relativistic quantum field theory, and late in his life, biophysics and theory of consciousness.


||Friedrich Hans Beck (d. 20 December 2008) was a German physicist. His research interests were focused on superconductivity, nuclear and elementary particle physics, relativistic quantum field theory, and late in his life, biophysics and theory of consciousness.
||2010: Frederic Gordon Foster dies ... computational engineer, statistician, professor, and college dean who is widely known for devising, in 1965, a nine-digit code upon which the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is based. No pic, none.


||2013 – China successfully launches the Bolivian Túpac Katari 1 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
||2013: China successfully launches the Bolivian Túpac Katari 1 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
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