Template:Selected anniversaries/August 18: Difference between revisions

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File:Achilles Ajax dice.jpg|link=Dice (nonfiction)|Achilles and Ajax play [[Dice (nonfiction)|dice]] to determine who will attend the [[Lucky Spasm Dice Academy]].
||1550: Architect and military engineer Antonio Ferramolino, is killed during the siege of Mahdia in modern Tunisia. Pic: map: http://www.lescalinatedellarte.com/it/?q=node/4377
 
File:Urbain Grandier.jpg|link=Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|1634: Catholic priest [[Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|Urbain Grandier]], accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu.
 
||1652: Florimond de Beaune dies ... jurist and mathematician. In a 1638 letter to Descartes, de Beaune described the first example of the inverse tangent method of deducing properties of a curve from its tangents. Pic, book cover: http://www.librairiedesmaths.com/site/ficprod.asp?IDProduit=1887
 
||1685: Brook Taylor born ... mathematician and theorist. Pic.
 
||1698: Samuel Klingenstierna born ... mathematician, scientist, and academic. He was instrumental in the invention of the Achromatic Telescope. Pic.
 
||1774: Meriwether Lewis born ... American soldier, explorer, and politician. Pic.
 
||1783: A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.
 
||1823: André-Jacques Garnerin dies .... balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. Pic.
 
||1824: Pierre-Émile Martin born ... engineer who adapted the steelmaking process by using the open-hearth regenerative furnace invented by Charles William Siemens and Friedrich Siemens (1856), now known as the Siemens-Martin process. The Siemens' idea was to capture heat from exhaust gases in chambers flanking the furnace containing fire-bricks. When the flow is changed to preheat the input gases using recycled energy stored in the bricks, huge fuel savings result. Pic.
 
||1835: Friedrich Stromeyer dies ... chemist. While studying compounds of zinc, Stromeyer discovered the element cadmium in 1817; cadmium is a common impurity of zinc compounds, though often found only in minute quantities. He was also the first to recommend starch as a reagent for free iodine and he studied chemistry of arsine and bismuthate salts. Pic.
 
||1841: Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet dies ... navigator. He circumnavigated the earth, and in 1811 published the first map to show a full outline of the coastline of Australia. Pic.
 
||1858: William Austin Burt dies ... inventor, legislator, surveyor, and millwright. He was the inventor, maker and patentee of the first typewriter constructed in America. He is referred to as the "father of the typewriter". Burt also invented the first workable solar compass, a solar use surveying instrument, and the equatorial sextant, a precision navigational aid to determine with one observation the location of a ship at sea. Pic.
 
||1868: French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium ... 1868, Pierre Janssen discovered a previously unknown bright yellow line in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the sun during a solar eclipse he was observing from India. This was an indication of a new element. For over 30 years, it was assumed the element was only present in the sun since the spectral line was not observed in the lab until 1895 when Sir William Ramsay examined a gas released from treating the mineral cleveite. Ramsay named the new element “helium” after the greek word helios for the sun. discovered helium in the solar spectrum during eclipse.
 
||1874: William Fairbairn (1st Baronet) ... civil engineer who was first to use wrought iron for ships, bridges, mill shafts, and structural beams. After moving to London in 1811, he invented a steam excavator and a sausage-making machine, but without commercial success. By 1817, he had established an engineering works in Manchester making mill machinery, which later made over 400 locomotives. The shipbuilding works he opened at Millwall, London (1835-49) built hundreds of iron boats. He furnished the rectangular wrought-iron tubes used by Stephenson for the Britannia railway bridge (1850) over the Menai Strait, which included two almost 460-ft (140-m) spans. He assisted James Joule and Lord Kelvin in geological investigations from 1851. Pic.
 
||Engels wrote to Marx, "The matter is so perfectly clear that we cannot be amazed enough how the mathematicians so stubbornly insist on mystifying it," in praise of Marx's manuscript on the differential calculus.
 
||1886: Eli Whitney Blake dies ... American inventor, invented the Mortise lock. Pic.
 
||1890: Erich Kamke born ... mathematician, who specialized in the theory of differential equations. Also, his book on set theory became a standard introduction to the field. Pic.
 
||1891: The first rainmaking experiments in the U.S. were conducted near Midland, Texas, paid for by a grant from the U.S. government. Patent attorney Gen. Robert Dyrenforth set off explosive balloons and artillery to try to make rainclouds develop. At a time of extreme drought, any effort with a hope of success may have been thought worthwhile to try, but there were no results. The method chosen was to test a theory that rainstorms seemed often to occur where major battles had taken place during the Civil War, and they may have been because of the effect of smoke, dust and disturbances in the air from artillery.
 
||1897: Bern Dibner born ... engineer and science historian who worked as an engineer during the electrification of Cuba. Realizing the need for improved methods of connecting electrical conductors, in 1924, he founded the Burndy Engineering Company. A few years later, he became interested in the history of Renaissance science. Subsequently, he began collecting books and everything he could find that was related to the history of science. This became a second career as a scholar that would run parallel with his life as a businessman. He wrote many books and pamphlets, on topics from the transport of ancient obelisks, to authoritative biographies of many scientific pioneers, including Alessandro Volta, inventor of the electric battery, and Wilhelm Röntgen, discoverer of the X ray. Pic.
 
||1903: German engineer Karl Jatho allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding airplane four months before the first flight of the Wright brothers.
 
||1908: Frederick Bawden born ... plant pathologist whose research interest was in plant viruses, and how best to ensure that a farmer could grow healthy and productive crops. With his associates, in 1937, he discovered that the tobacco mozaic virus contained ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids were known to be present in all cells, but this was the first time that RNA was observed in a virus, which is a subcellular infectious agent. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_18.htm
 
File:Pál Turán.jpg|link=Pál Turán (nonfiction)|1910: Mathematician [[Pál Turán (nonfiction)|Pál Turán]] born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory.
 
File:Klara Dan von Neumann.png|link=Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|1911: Computer scientist [[Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|Klara Dan von Neumann]] born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code.
 
||1932 the Scottish aviator Jim Mollison made the first westbound transatlantic solo flight. Pic.
 
||1943: Friedrich Moritz Hartogs dies ... mathematician, known for his work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables. Pic.
 
||1944: Operation Scherhorn, Soviet deception against Nazi intelligence ... a wireless message from Max to German Command.
 
||1960: Carlo Emilio Bonferroni born ... mathematician who worked on probability theory. Bonferroni is best known for the Bonferroni inequalities (a generalization of the union bound), and for the Bonferroni correction in statistics (which he did not invent but which utilizes his inequalities). Pic.
 
||1976: Shintaro Uda dies ... inventor, and assistant professor to Hidetsugu Yagi at Tohoku University, where together they invented the Yagi-Uda antenna in 1926. Pic: http://www.ieeecincinnati.org/2011/09/05/september-2011-history/
 
||1980: Elizabeth Stern dies ... one of the first pathologists to work on the progression of a cell from normality to cancerous. Her breakthrough studies of cervical cancers have changed the disease from fatal to one of the most easily diagnosed and treatable. Her studies showed that a normal cell advanced through 250 distinct stages before becoming cancerous and thus is the most easily diagnosed of all cancers. She was the first to linking a virus in herpes simplex to cervical cancer. She was also the first to report the linkage between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Pic: https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-stern-38623
 
||1981: Bernard Koopman dies ... mathematician, known for his work in ergodic theory, the foundations of probability, statistical theory and operations research. No DOB. Pic search good: https://www.google.com/search?q=Bernard+Koopman
 
||1986: Seventy-two Nobel Prize-winning scientists filed a legal brief with the U.S. Supreme Court challenging as unconstitutional a Louisiana law requiring schools that teach evolution to also teach “creation-science.” A news release described the scientists as “the largest group of Nobel laureates ever to support a single statement on any subject..” At a news conference in Washington D.C. the same day, they warned that the Louisiana law threatened scientific education by disparaging proven scientific facts to promote fundamentalist Christian beliefs.
 
||1988: Michael Willcox Perrin dies ... scientist who created the first practical polythene, directed the first British atomic bomb programme, and participated in the Allied intelligence of the Nazi atomic bomb. Pic.
 
||1990: B. F. Skinner dies ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic.
 
||1994: Richard Laurence Millington Synge dies ... biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin. Pic.
 
||1998: Kurt Schütte dies ... mathematician who worked on proof theory and ordinal analysis. The Feferman–Schütte ordinal, which he showed to be the precise ordinal bound for predicativity, is named after him. Pic.
 
||2001: David Peakall dies ... chemist and toxicologist ... DDT, thinning eggshells. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=David+Peakall
 
||2015: Charles John Read dies ... mathematician known for his work in functional analysis. In operator theory, he is best known for his work in the 1980s on the invariant subspace problem, where he constructed operators with only trivial invariant subspaces on particular Banach spaces Pic.
 
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Latest revision as of 12:11, 7 February 2022

  • 1634: Catholic priest Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu.

    1634: Catholic priest Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu.

  • 1910: Mathematician Pál Turán born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory.

    1910: Mathematician Pál Turán born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory.

  • 1911: Computer scientist Klara Dan von Neumann born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code.

    1911: Computer scientist Klara Dan von Neumann born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code.

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