Template:Selected anniversaries/August 26: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(Created page with "<gallery mode="traditional"> File:Egg Tooth Neighborhood Association logo.jpg|link=Egg Tooth (neighborhood)|Egg Tooth Neighborhood Association inv...") |
No edit summary |
||
| (54 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<gallery | <gallery> | ||
File: | || *** DONE: Pics *** | ||
File:Battle of Crécy (26 Aug 1346).png|1346: Hundred Years' War: The military supremacy of the English longbow over the French combination of crossbow and armored knights is established at the Battle of Crécy. | |||
||1349: Thomas Bradwardine dies ... archbishop, mathematician, and physicist. Pic: book cover. | |||
||1572: Petrus Ramus dies ... humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre ... humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Pic. | |||
||1603: Thomas Drury dies ... government informer and swindler ... noted for having been one of the main people responsible for accusations of heresy, blasphemy and seditious atheism on the part of the Elizabethan playwright Christopher Marlowe given to the Privy Council in May 1593. No pics online. | |||
File:Denis Papin.jpg|link=Denis Papin (nonfiction)|1713: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor [[Denis Papin (nonfiction)|Denis Papin]] dies. He invented the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine. | |||
File:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek by Jan Verkolje (circa 1680).jpg|link=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (nonfiction)|1723: Biologist and microscopist [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (nonfiction)|Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]] dies. Van Leeuwenhoek was a pioneer of microscopy who made fundamental contributions to the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline. | |||
File:Johann Heinrich Lambert.jpg|link=Johann Heinrich Lambert (nonfiction)|1728: Polymath [[Johann Heinrich Lambert (nonfiction)|Johann Heinrich Lambert]] born. He will make important contributions to mathematics, physics (particularly optics), philosophy, astronomy, and map projections. | |||
File:Seven Bridges of Königsberg.png|link=Seven Bridges of Königsberg (nonfiction)|1735: [[Leonhard Euler (nonfiction)|Leonhard Euler]] presents his solution to the [[Seven Bridges of Königsberg (nonfiction)|Königsberg bridge problem]] – whether it was possible to find a route crossing each of the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg once and only once – in a lecture to his colleagues at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. | |||
||1736: Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle born ... mineralogist and geologist. Pic: statue. | |||
||1740: Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor, invented the hot air balloon. Pic. | |||
File:Antoine Lavoisier.jpg|link=Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|1743: Chemist and biologist [[Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|Antoine Lavoisier]] born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. | |||
||1791: There were U.S. patents issued severally to James Rumsey, John Fitch, Nathan Read, John Stevens and Englehart Cruse for their various uses of steam power. Several of the patentees had previously obtained exclusive priviledges from some of the State Legislatures.« As the original applications had not satisfied the patent board with the precision of their descriptions of the inventions, a hearing was held with the inventors in Feb 1791. Fitch and Rumsey were in bitter dispute for priority using steam as a motive power to navigation. Jefferson said that they could make no distinction among all the patents, nor give one preference, and decided all patents should be issued on the same day. | |||
File:Giuseppe Balsamo (Count Alessandro Cagliostro).jpg|link=Alessandro Cagliostro (nonfiction)|1795: Occultist and explorer [[Alessandro Cagliostro (nonfiction)|Alessandro Cagliostro]] dies. He was a glamorous figure associated with the royal courts of Europe where he pursued psychic healing, alchemy, and scrying. | |||
||1833: Stephen Joseph Perry born ... Jesuit and astronomer, known as a participant in scientific expeditions. Pic. | |||
||1843: The first U.S. design of a typewriter that successfully typed was issued a patent to Charles Thurber of Norwich, Conn. (No. 3,228) as a “machine for printing by hand by pressing upon keys which contain the type, called ‘Thurber's Patent Printer.’” He was the first to place the paper on a roller and give it longitudinal motion with provision for accurate letter and word spacing. It had a wheel carrying the keys around its circumference. A roller provided inking. However, the machine was slow to use, and only a concept model. Two years later, he patented a design for a writing (not typing) machine, which he called a Chirographer (18 Nov 1845, No. 4,271). On 27 Jun 1857, British Letters Patent were sealed (No. 1805) on Thurber's invention of “An improved caligraph.” No pics of Thurber online, but possible pics of machine: https://www.google.com/search?q="Charles+Thurber"+inventor | |||
||1850: Charles Richet born ... physiologist, bacteriologist and pathologist who was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He coined (1902) the term "anaphylaxis" meaning "against protection" to describe the subject of his research, when he found a second vaccinating dose of sea anemone toxin caused a dog's death. Instead of producing protection, as expected in the normal response to vaccination, the first dose had produced a life-threatening sensitivity. This led to an understanding a variety of allergic reactions, hay-fever and asthma. His other interests included aviation: attracted by Marey's experiments on bird flight, Richet participated in the design and construction of one of the first airplanes to leave the ground under its own power. Pic. | |||
||1856: William Henry Perkin, an English chemist, applied for a British patent titled "Dyeing Fabrics" for his invention of aniline dye "producing a new coloring matter for dyeing with a lilac or purple color stuffs of silk, cotton, wool or other materials." It was sealed on 20 Feb 1857. This was the first synthetic dye, which he obtained at first unintentionally from coal tar (a by-product of coal gas production) while seeking a method to prepare the anti-malarial drug quinine from that source. Perkin was just 18 years old. With help from his father and brother, he began manufacturing the dye, which he called Tyrian purple. Within a few years, he was wealthy and in in 1873 sold the business to turn to chemistry full-time. Pic. | |||
||1865: Johann Franz Encke dies ... astronomer and academic ... worked on the calculation of the periods of comets and asteroids, measured the distance from the earth to the sun, and made observations of the planet Saturn. Pic. | |||
||1865: Arthur James Arnot born ... engineer, designed the Spencer Street Power Station. Pic search. | |||
||1873: Lee de Forest born ... engineer and academic, invented the Audion tube. Pic. | |||
||1875: Giuseppe Vitali born ... mathematician who worked in several branches of mathematical analysis. He gives his name to several entities in mathematics, most notably the Vitali set with which he was the first to give an example of a non-measurable subset of real numbers. Pic. | |||
||1882: James Franck born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1883: Mount Krakatoa, an island volcano in the Dutch Indies (now Indonesia) erupted with violent explosions that destroyed two thirds of the island. It produced huge tsunami waves that swept across the immediate region, killing an estimated 36,000 people. These waves were powerful enough to cross the Indian Ocean and travel beyond Cape Horn. The most powerful blast was the most violent known in human history—it was loud enough to be heard in Australia. The shockwave was registered by barometers England. The huge amount of volcanic dust thrust high into the stratosphere eventually travelled around the world. The dust blocked sunlight causing temperature drops, highly coloured sunsets, and chaotic weather patterns for several years afterwards. | |||
||1884: The first U.S. patent for the Linotype typesetting machine was issued to Ottmar Mergenthaler of Baltimore, Maryland. His patent No. 304,272 was for a “matrix making machine.” It was first used commercially on 3 Jul 1886. (An earlier U.S. design of typesetting machine that actually operated received a patent on 15 Sep 1857, though the machine invented by Timothy Alden of New York City was designed to pick up type from cells in a horizonatal rotating wheel, and drop it into a line for composition. The first U.S. patent for a typesetting machine was issued even earlier, to Adrien Delcambre and James Haddon Young of Lisle, France, on 22 Jun 1841, for a machine with piano-style keys to operate push-type levers that released type to fall by gravity.) | |||
||1886: Jerome C. Hunsaker born ... aeronautical engineer who made major innovations in the design of aircraft and lighter-than-air ships, seaplanes, and carrier-based aircraft. His career had spanned the entire existence of the aerospace industry, from the very beginnings of aeronautics to exploration of the solar system. He received his master's degree in naval architecture from M.I.T. in 1912. At about the same time seeing a flight by Bleriot around Boston harbour attracted him to the fledgling field of aeronautics. By 1916, he became MIT's first Ph.D. in aeronautical engineering. He designed the NC (Navy Curtiss) flying boat with the capability of crossing the Atlantic. It was the largest aircraft in the world at the time, with four engines and a crew of six. Pic. | |||
||1892: Elizebeth Smith Friedman born ... expert cryptanalyst and author, and pioneer in U.S. cryptography. She has been called "America's first female cryptanalyst". Pic. | |||
||1895: Johann Friedrich Miescher dies ... biochemist and biologist who studied cell metabolism and discovered nucleic acids. In 1869, while working under Ernst Hoppe-Seyler at the University of Tübingen, Miescher investigated a substance containing both phosphorus and nitrogen in the nuclei of white blood cells found in pus. The substance, first named nuclein because it seemed to come from cell nuclei, became known as nucleic acid after 1874, when Miescher separated it into a protein and an acid molecule. It is now known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Pic. | |||
||1899: Wolfgang Krull born ... mathematician who made fundamental contributions to commutative algebra, introducing concepts that are now central to the subject. Pic. | |||
File:Hedley_Ralph_Marston.jpg|link=Hedley Marston (nonfiction)|1900: Biochemist [[Hedley Marston (nonfiction)|Hedley Ralph Marston]] born. Marston's research into fallout from the British nuclear tests at Maralinga will prove the existence of significant radiation hazards at many of the Maralinga sites long after the tests. | |||
||1901: Hans Kammler born ... civil engineer and SS commander during the Nazi era. He oversaw SS construction projects and towards the end of World War II was put in charge of the V-2 missile and jet programmes. Pic. | |||
||1906: Albert Bruce Sabin born ... physician and microbiologist best known for developing the first oral polio vaccine (1955), which was administered to millions of children in Europe, Africa, and the Americas beginning in the late 1950s. He was also known for his research in the fields of human viral diseases, toxoplasmosis, and cancer. Pic. | |||
||1909: An almost perfectly preserved Cro-Magnon man skeleton was discovered by Swiss paleontologist Otto Hauser. He was one member of a party hunting fossils in the Combe-Capelle rockshelter, France. At 34,000 years old, the remains provided an example of man's development leading towards the emergence of Homo sapiens. The following year, Hauser sold this and and earlier discovery of skeletal remains from Le Moustier (1908) to the Berlin Völkerkunde-Museum. Because Hauser was debt-ridden, he demanded the extraordinary sum of 160,000 Marks as the sale price. Most of the skeleton itself is believed to have been destroyed during WW II. | |||
||1910: William James dies ... psychologist and philosopher who was a leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism. Although he first began a career as a zoologist, and traveled to Brazil on expedition with Louis Agassiz, James moved to the medical school, and then his life’s work investigating the mind. He served terms as President of the American Psychological Association and of the International Society for Psychical Research. After retiring from active teaching, he became the foremost American advocate for “pragmatism” in philosophical thought by which “that is true which works.” Pic. | |||
File:Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA_(1966).jpg|link=Katherine Johnson (nonfiction)|1918: Physicist and mathematician [[Katherine Johnson (nonfiction)|Katherine Johnson]] born. Johnson will compute orbital mechanics as a NASA employee which will be critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights; she will also pioneer the use of computers to perform these tasks. | |||
||1920: Richard E. Bellman born ... applied mathematician, who introduced dynamic programming in 1953, and important contributions in other fields of mathematics. Pic. | |||
||1921: Shimshon Amitsur born ... mathematician and scholar. Pic. | |||
||1926: William Hood dies ... civil engineer who invented California’s Tehachapi Loop, an elegant 0.73-mile railroad spiral. Called one of the seven wonders of the railroad world, it is a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. It is part of 28 miles of railroad snaking through the Tehachapi Pass between San Francisco and Los Angeles. Hood designed a remarkable series of horseshoe and S-curves to traverse the lofty peaks and ridges along the way. The spiral ascends at a 2-percent grade for an elevation of 77 feet. A train longer than 4,000 feet (about 85 cars) passes over itself as it travels around the loop. He retired as chief engineer of the Southern Pacific Company. His career spanned 54 years (3 May 1867- 3 May 1921), in which time some 11,000 miles of track were laid. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_26.htm | |||
File:Philo T Farnsworth.jpg|link=Philo Farnsworth (nonfiction)|1930: [[Philo Farnsworth (nonfiction)|Philo Farnsworth]] is granted a ptent (U.S. 1,773,980) for his television system . This is his first patent, with a description of his image dissector tube, and his most important contribution to the development of television. | |||
||1935: Karen Spärck Jones born ... computer scientist and academic. Pic. | |||
||1961: Howard Percy "Bob" Robertson dies ... mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle. Pic search. | |||
File:Charles Lindbergh.jpg|link=Charles Lindbergh (nonfiction)|1974: Pilot and explorer [[Charles Lindbergh (nonfiction)|Charles Lindbergh]] dies. At age 25 in 1927 he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris. | |||
||1975: Olaf Holtedahl dies ... geologist; was among the last of a generation of geologists that mastered the subject in all its breadth. Pic. | |||
||1977: Mathematician and academic Robert Schatten dies. He made fundamental contributions to functional analysis, where he is the namesake of the Schatten norm and the Schatten class operators. He also studied tensor products of Banach spaces. Pic search. | |||
||1987: Georg Wittig dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1992: Daniel Gorenstein dies ... mathematician. He was a major influence on the classification of finite simple groups. Pic. | |||
File:John Killian Houston Brunner circa 1967.jpg|link=John Brunner (nonfiction)|1995: Writer and peace activist [[John Brunner (nonfiction)|John Brunner]] dies. | |||
||1998: Frederick Reines dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1998: Robert Joseph Huebner dies ... virologist whose theory that certain genes, which he called oncogenes, are involved in cancer focused researchers' attention on finding them. His investigations paved the way for the discovery of viral causes of cancers and several other serious diseases and for the development of a number of vaccines and treatments. Pic: http://www.edubilla.com/award/national-medal-of-science/robert-huebner/ | |||
||2011: Patrick C. Fischer dies ... computer scientist and academic ... noted researcher in computational complexity theory and database theory, and a target of the Unabomber. Pic search. | |||
||2012: Krzysztof Wilmanski dies ... physicist and academic ... worked in the fields of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. Pic. | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:25, 7 February 2022
1346: Hundred Years' War: The military supremacy of the English longbow over the French combination of crossbow and armored knights is established at the Battle of Crécy.
1713: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin dies. He invented the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine.
1723: Biologist and microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek dies. Van Leeuwenhoek was a pioneer of microscopy who made fundamental contributions to the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline.
1728: Polymath Johann Heinrich Lambert born. He will make important contributions to mathematics, physics (particularly optics), philosophy, astronomy, and map projections.
1735: Leonhard Euler presents his solution to the Königsberg bridge problem – whether it was possible to find a route crossing each of the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg once and only once – in a lecture to his colleagues at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1743: Chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
1795: Occultist and explorer Alessandro Cagliostro dies. He was a glamorous figure associated with the royal courts of Europe where he pursued psychic healing, alchemy, and scrying.
1900: Biochemist Hedley Ralph Marston born. Marston's research into fallout from the British nuclear tests at Maralinga will prove the existence of significant radiation hazards at many of the Maralinga sites long after the tests.
1918: Physicist and mathematician Katherine Johnson born. Johnson will compute orbital mechanics as a NASA employee which will be critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights; she will also pioneer the use of computers to perform these tasks.
1930: Philo Farnsworth is granted a ptent (U.S. 1,773,980) for his television system . This is his first patent, with a description of his image dissector tube, and his most important contribution to the development of television.
1974: Pilot and explorer Charles Lindbergh dies. At age 25 in 1927 he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris.
1995: Writer and peace activist John Brunner dies.
.png)