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| File:Pierre de Fermat.jpg|link=Pierre de Fermat (nonfiction)|1626: Mathematician [[Pierre de Fermat (nonfiction)|Pierre de Fermat]] develops original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, uses it to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]]. | | File:Joseph_Fourier.jpg|link=Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|1768: Mathematician and physicist [[Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|Joseph Fourier]] born. Fourier will initiate the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. |
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| ||1762 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French priest, astronomer, and academic (b. 1713) | | File:George_David_Birkhoff.jpg|link=George David Birkhoff (nonfiction)|1884: Mathematician [[George David Birkhoff (nonfiction)|George David Birkhoff]] born. Birkhoff will become one of the most important leaders in American mathematics of his generation. |
| ||Abbé Nicolas Louis de La Caille, sometimes spelled Lacaille, (d. 21 March 1762) was a French astronomer. | |
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| File:Joseph_Fourier.jpg|link=Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|1768: Mathematician and physicist [[Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|Joseph Fourier]] born. He will initiate the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. | | File:Harry Lehmann.jpg|link=Harry Lehmann (nonfiction)|1924: Physicist [[Harry Lehmann (nonfiction)|Harry Lehmann]] born. Lehmann will contribute to the LSZ reduction formula and the Källén–Lehmann spectral representation. |
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| ||1772 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French geographer and cartographer (b. 1703)
| | File:Charles Lindbergh.jpg|link=Charles Lindbergh (nonfiction)|1928: [[Charles Lindbergh (nonfiction)|Charles Lindbergh]] is presented with the Medal of Honor for the first solo trans-Atlantic flight. |
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| File:Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels.jpg|link=Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels|1882: Mark Twain admits to experiencing great fear during his famous [[Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels|interview with Wallace War-Heels]]. | |
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| File:Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.jpg|link=Gustav Kirchhoff (nonfiction)|1883: Physicist and academic [[Gustav Kirchhoff (nonfiction)|Gustav Kirchhoff]] uses the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects to fight [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
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| File:George_David_Birkhoff.jpg|link=George David Birkhoff (nonfiction)|1884: Mathematician [[George David Birkhoff (nonfiction)|George David Birkhoff]] born. He will become one of the most important leaders in American mathematics in his generation.
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| ||1911 – Walter Lincoln Hawkins, African-American scientist and inventor (d. 1992)
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| ||1923 – Nizar Qabbani, Syrian poet, publisher, and diplomat (d. 1998)
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| ||1925 – The Butler Act prohibits the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee.
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| ||1927 – Halton Arp, American-German astronomer and critic (d. 2013)
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| ||1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented with the Medal of Honor for the first solo trans-Atlantic flight.
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| ||1931 – Clark L. Brundin, American-English engineer and academic
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| ||1932 – Walter Gilbert, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
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| ||1942 – Patcha Ramachandra Rao, India metallurgist, educator and administrator (d. 2010)
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| ||1943 – Wehrmacht officer Rudolf von Gersdorff plots to assassinate Adolf Hitler by using a suicide bomb, but the plan falls through; von Gersdorff is able to defuse the bomb in time and avoid suspicion.
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| ||1954: Pál Selényi dies.
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| File:Vandal Savage Field Report Small Boy.jpg|link=Vandal Savage (nonfiction)|1963: Film rights to ''Field Report Number One'' by [[Vandal Savage (nonfiction)|Vandal Savage Press]] sell for nearly a million dollars.
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| ||1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9, the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
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| File:Ranger spacecraft.jpg|link=Ranger 9 (nonfiction)|1965: NASA launches [[Ranger 9 (nonfiction)|Ranger 9]], the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes. | | File:Ranger spacecraft.jpg|link=Ranger 9 (nonfiction)|1965: NASA launches [[Ranger 9 (nonfiction)|Ranger 9]], the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes. |
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| ||1970 – The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco.
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| ||1980 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician and astronomer (b. 1888)
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| ||1980 – US President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
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| ||1983 – The first cases of the 1983 West Bank fainting epidemic begin; Israelis and Palestinians accuse each other of poison gas, but the cause is later determined mostly to be psychosomatic.
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| ||1866 – Antonia Maury, American astronomer and astrophysicist (d. 1952)
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| ||1884 – George David Birkhoff, American mathematician (d. 1944)
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| ||1896 – Friedrich Waismann, Jewish-Austrian mathematician, physicist, and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1959)
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| ||1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.
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| ||2012 – Yuri Razuvaev, Russian chess player and trainer (b. 1945)
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| ||2015 – Hans Erni, Swiss painter, sculptor, and illustrator (b. 1909)
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