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| || *** DONE: Pics ***
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| File:Franciscus_Raphelengius.jpg|link=Franciscus Raphelengius (nonfiction)|1539: Scholar, printer, and bookseller [[Franciscus Raphelengius (nonfiction)|Franciscus Raphelengius]] born. Raphelengius will produce an Arabic-Latin dictionary, about 550 pages, which will be published posthumously in 1613 at Leiden — the first publication by printing press of a book-length dictionary for the Arabic language in Latin. | | File:Franciscus_Raphelengius.jpg|link=Franciscus Raphelengius (nonfiction)|1539: Scholar, printer, and bookseller [[Franciscus Raphelengius (nonfiction)|Franciscus Raphelengius]] born. Raphelengius will produce an Arabic-Latin dictionary, about 550 pages, which will be published posthumously in 1613 at Leiden — the first publication by printing press of a book-length dictionary for the Arabic language in Latin. |
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| ||1630: Roche Braziliano born ... pirate. DOB uncertain? Pic.
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| File:Pascaline.jpg|link=High-energy literature|1670: First known use of Pascal's calculator in '''[[high-energy literature]]''' experiments.
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| File:John Arbuthnot.jpg|link=John Arbuthnot (nonfiction)|1735: Polymath [[John Arbuthnot (nonfiction)|John Arbuthnot]] dies. Arbuthnot invented the figure of John Bull. | | File:John Arbuthnot.jpg|link=John Arbuthnot (nonfiction)|1735: Polymath [[John Arbuthnot (nonfiction)|John Arbuthnot]] dies. Arbuthnot invented the figure of John Bull. |
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| ||1748: Anders Sparrman born ... physician and activist. Pic.
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| ||1867: Irving Fisher born ... economist, statistician, inventor, and Progressive social campaigner. Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and general equilibrium. His research on the quantity theory of money inaugurated the school of macroeconomic thought known as monetarism. Fisher was also a pioneer of econometrics, including the development of index numbers. Pic.
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| File:Alice Hamilton.jpg|link=Alice Hamilton (nonfiction)|1869: Physician, research scientist, and author [[Alice Hamilton (nonfiction)|Alice Hamilton]] born. Hamilton will be a leading expert in the field of occupational health and a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology. | | File:Alice Hamilton.jpg|link=Alice Hamilton (nonfiction)|1869: Physician, research scientist, and author [[Alice Hamilton (nonfiction)|Alice Hamilton]] born. Hamilton will be a leading expert in the field of occupational health and a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology. |
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| File:Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer.jpg|link=L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|1881: Mathematician and philosopher [[L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|L. E. J. Brouwer]] born. Brouwer will make contributions to topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis; and he will found the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism. | | File:Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer.jpg|link=L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|1881: Mathematician and philosopher [[L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|L. E. J. Brouwer]] born. Brouwer will make contributions to topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis; and he will found the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism. |
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| ||1887: Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin dies ... composer of Georgian-Russian origin, as well as a doctor and chemist. Pic.
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| ||1894: Carl Schmidt dies ... chemist ... determined the typical crystallization patterns of many important biochemicals such as uric acid, oxalic acid and its salts, lactic acid, cholesterin, stearin, etc. Pic.
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| ||1899: Charles Best born ... physiologist and biochemist, co-discovered Insulin. Pic.
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| ||1903: Hans Rohrbach born ... mathematician ... He worked both as an algebraist and a number theorist and later worked as cryptanalyst at Pers Z S, the German Foreign Office cipher bureau, during World War II. Pic.
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| ||1904: Yulii Khariton born ... physicist and academic ... leading scientist in the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons program. Since the initiation of the atomic bomb project by Joseph Stalin in 1943, Khariton was the "chief Nuclear weapon designer" and remained associated with the Soviet program for nearly four decades. Pic.
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| ||1906: Fritz Laves born ... crystallographer who served as the president of the German Mineralogical Society from 1956 to 1958. He is the namesake of Laves phases and the Laves tilings; the Laves graph, a highly-symmetrical three-dimensional crystal structure that he studied, was named after him. Pic.
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| ||1910: Kelly Johnson born ... engineer, co-founded Skunk Works. Pic.
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| ||1910: Joseph Leo "Joe" Doob born ... mathematician, specializing in analysis and probability theory. He will develop the modern theory of martingales. Pic.
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| ||1915: Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin dies ... mathematician. Pic.
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| ||1922: A challenge to the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, allowing women the right to vote, is rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Leser v. Garnett.
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| ||1930: Paul von Ragué Schleyer born ... chemist and academic ... made contributions in the area of synthesis of adamantane and other cage molecules by rearrangement mechanisms. He also discovered new types of hydrogen bonding. Schleyer also identified solvolysis mechanisms, including reactive intermediates. As a pioneer in the field of computational chemistry, Schleyer identified a number of new molecular structures, especially related to lithium chemistry and electron deficient systems. Pic search.
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| ||1931: Erich Wasmann dies ... entomologist, specializing in ants and termites, and Jesuit priest. He described the phenomenon known as Wasmannian mimicry. Wasmann was a supporter of evolution, although he did not accept the productivity of natural selection, the evolution of humans from other animals, or universal common descent of all life. Pic.
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| ||1933: Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on fire; Marinus van der Lubbe, a young Dutch Communist claims responsibility. The Nazis used the fire to solidify their power and eliminate the communists as political rivals. Pic.
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| ||1936: Ivan Pavlov dies ... physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| File:Carbon 14 formation and decay.svg|link=Carbon-14 (nonfiction)|1940: Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover [[Carbon-14 (nonfiction)|carbon-14]]. Its presence in organic materials is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues (1949) to date archaeological, geological and hydrogeological samples. | | File:Carbon 14 formation and decay.svg|link=Carbon-14 (nonfiction)|1940: Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover [[Carbon-14 (nonfiction)|carbon-14]]. Its presence in organic materials is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues (1949) to date archaeological, geological and hydrogeological samples. |
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| ||1943: "Dilly" Knox dies ... classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge and a codebreaker. As a member of the Room 40 codebreaking unit he helped decrypt the Zimmermann Telegram which brought the USA into the First World War. He joined the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at the war's end. Pic search.
| | File:Back On the Supply Chain Gang.jpg|link=Back On the Supply Chain Gang|1982: The song "'''[[Back On the Supply Chain Gang]]'''" by Chrissie Hynde and the Department of Corrections reaches number one on the Gnomon Chronicles pop music chart. |
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| ||1943: In Berlin, the Gestapo arrest 1,800 Jewish men with German wives, leading to the Rosenstrasse protest. Pic: OSS document.
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| ||1955: Erich Regener dies ... physicist known primarily for the design and construction of instruments to measure cosmic ray intensity at various altitudes. He is also known for predicting a 2.8 K cosmic background radiation, for the invention of the scintillation counter which contributed to the discovery of the structure of the atom, for his calculation of the charge of an electron and for his early work on atmospheric ozone. He is also credited with the first use of rockets for scientific research. Pic. | |
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| ||1987: Bill Holman dies ... cartoonist. Pic.
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| ||1989: Astronomer and educator Paul Oswald Ahnert dies. Pic search.
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| ||1997: Kingsley Davis dies ... sociologist and demographer who was a world-renowned expert on population trends; he coined the terms population explosion and zero population growth and promoted methods of bringing the latter about. His specific studies of American society led him to work on a general science of world society, based on empirical analysis of each society in its habitat. Later, however, he came to be concerned about low birthrates in developed countries, fearing a shortage of educated leaders. Pic: https://www.sociosite.net/sociologists/davis_kingsley.php
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| ||1998: doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment", Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy. Pic.
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| ||2004: Shoko Asahara, the leader of the Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo, is sentenced to death for masterminding the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack.
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| ||2007: Fred Basolo dies ... inorganic chemist. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1943, under Prof. John C. Bailar, Jr.. Basolo spent his professional career at Northwestern University. He was a prolific contributor to the fields of coordination chemistry, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry, publishing over 400 papers. He supervised many Ph.D. students. With colleague Ralph Pearson, he co-authored the influential monograph "Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions", which illuminated the importance of mechanisms involving coordination compounds. His autobiography, ''From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry: A Lifetime of Reactions'', was published in 2002. Pic search.
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| ||2009: John William Wrench, Jr. dies ... mathematician who worked primarily in numerical analysis. He was a pioneer in using computers for mathematical calculations, and is noted for work done with Daniel Shanks to calculate the mathematical constant pi to 100,000 decimal places. Pic search.
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| ||2014: Aaron Allston dies ... game designer and author. Pic.
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| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
