Template:Selected anniversaries/November 25: Difference between revisions

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|| *** DONE: Pics ***


||571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
||571 BC: Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.


||885 – Siege of Paris: Viking forces sail the Seine River with a fleet of 300 longships and lay siege to Paris.
||885: Siege of Paris: Viking forces sail the Seine River with a fleet of 300 longships and lay siege to Paris.


||1120 – The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.
||1120: The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.


File:Niels Steensen.png|link=Niels Steensen (nonfiction)|1686: Scientist and bishop [[Niels Steensen (nonfiction)|Niels Steensen]] dies. He questioned explanations for tear production, the idea that fossils grow in the ground.
File:Niels Steensen.png|link=Niels Steensen (nonfiction)|1686: Scientist and bishop [[Niels Steensen (nonfiction)|Niels Steensen]] dies. He questioned explanations for tear production, the idea that fossils grow in the ground.


||1694 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer and mathematician (b. 1605)
File:Ismaël Boulliau.jpg|link=Ismaël Bullialdus (nonfiction)|1694: Mathematician and astronomer [[Ismaël Bullialdus (nonfiction)|Ismaël Bullialdus]] dies. He was an active member of the Republic of Letters, and an early defender of the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.


||1703 – Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
||1703: Jean-François Séguier born ... archaeologist, epigraphist, astronomer and botanist. No pics online.


||1753 – Robert Townsend, American spy (d. 1838)
||1748: Isaac Watts dies ... Christian minister (Congregational), hymn writer, theologian, and logician.  Pic: statue.
 
||1753: Robert Townsend born ... American spy. Pic.


||1775: Gustaf Gabriel Hällström born ... was a Finnish scientist. He was active in several fields, contributing to the establishment of an astronomical observatory in Turku as well as initiating the earliest systematic meteorological observations in Finland. Pic.
||1775: Gustaf Gabriel Hällström born ... was a Finnish scientist. He was active in several fields, contributing to the establishment of an astronomical observatory in Turku as well as initiating the earliest systematic meteorological observations in Finland. Pic.


||Andreas Freiherr von Ettingshausen (b. 25 November 1796) was a German mathematician and physicist. Pic.
||1796: Andreas Freiherr von Ettingshausen born ... mathematician and physicist. Pic.
 
||1801: Ignazio Porro born ... inventor of optical instruments. Porro's name is most closely associated with the prism system which he invented around 1850 and which is used in the construction of Porro prism binoculars. He also developed a strip camera in 1853 for mapping, which was one of the earliest such. Pic.  


File:Julius Robert Mayer.jpg|link=Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|1814: Physician and physicist [[Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|Julius Robert von Mayer]] born. He will describe the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature; but his achievements will be overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat will be attributed to James Joule.
File:Julius Robert Mayer.jpg|link=Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|1814: Physician and physicist [[Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|Julius Robert von Mayer]] born. He will describe the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature; but his achievements will be overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat will be attributed to James Joule.


File:Caroline_Herschel_1829.jpg|link=Caroline Herschel (nonfiction)|1840: Astronomer [[Caroline Herschel (nonfiction)|Caroline Herschel]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which improve lens refraction in telescopes.
File:Ernst Schroeder.jpg|link=Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|1841: Mathematician and logician [[Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|Ernst Schröder]] born. His monumental ''Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik'' will prepare the way for the emergence of mathematical logic as a separate discipline in the twentieth century by systematizing the various systems of formal logic of the day.
 
||1844: Karl Benz born ... engineer and businessman, founded Mercedes-Benz. Pic.


File:Ernst Schroeder.jpg|link=Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|1841: Mathematician and logician [[Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|Ernst Schröder]] born. His monumental ''Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik'' will prepare the way for the emergence of mathematical logic as a separate discipline in the twentieth century by systematizing the various systems of formal logic of the day.
||1857: Sir Archibald Edward Garrod born ... physician who pioneered the field of inborn errors of metabolism. He also discovered alkaptonuria, understanding its inheritance. Pic.


||Sir Archibald Edward Garrod (b. 25 November 1857) was an English physician who pioneered the field of inborn errors of metabolism. He also discovered alkaptonuria, understanding its inheritance. Pic.
File:1860 Mitchell Map of New York City, New York.jpg|link=Confederate Army of Manhattan (nonfiction)|1864: American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the [[Confederate Army of Manhattan (nonfiction)|Confederate Army of Manhattan]] starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.


||1864 – American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
||1865: Kate Gleason born ... engineer, businesswoman, and philanthropist. Pic.


||1865 – Kate Gleason, American engineer, businesswoman, and philanthropist (d. 1933)
||1865: Heinrich Barth dies ... explorer and scholar ... one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples. Pic.


||1865 – Heinrich Barth, German explorer and scholar (b. 1821)
||1876: Paul Nitsche born ... psychiatrist known for his expert endorsement of the Third Reich's euthanasia authorization and who later headed the Medical Office of the T-4 Euthanasia Program. He will be executed for crimes against humanity. Pic.


||1883 – Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic and author (d. 1939)
||1877: Harry Traver born ... engineer and early roller coaster designer. As the founder of the Traver Engineering Company, Traver was responsible for the production of gentle amusement rides like the Tumble Bug and Auto Ride. However, Traver's coasters became legendary for their unique twisted layouts and thrilling, swooped turns. At a time when most coasters were built from wood, Traver was the first coaster builder to utilize steel for the primary structural material. Pic search.


||1884 – Hermann Kolbe, German chemist and academic (b. 1818) Extreme moustaches Hermann Kolbe (Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, 27 September 1818 – 25 November 1884), was a seminal contributor in the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a Professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe coined the term synthesis and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesis of the organic substance acetic acid from carbon disulfide, and also contributed to the development of structural theory.
||1883: Harvey Spencer Lewis born ... mystic and author. Pic.


||1887 – Nikolai Vavilov, Russian botanist and geneticist (d. 1943)
||1884: Hermann Kolbe dies ... chemist and academic ... Extreme moustaches ... contributor in the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a Professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe coined the term synthesis and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesis of the organic substance acetic acid from carbon disulfide, and also contributed to the development of structural theory. Pic.


||Edmund Newton Harvey (b. November 25, 1887) was an American zoologist. He was acknowledged as one of the leading authorities on bioluminescence.
||1887: Nikolai Vavilov born ... botanist and geneticist ... best known for having identified the centers of origin of cultivated plants. Pic.


||Ignazio Porro (b. 25 November 1801) was an Italian inventor of optical instruments. Porro's name is most closely associated with the prism system which he invented around 1850 and which is used in the construction of Porro prism binoculars. He also developed a strip camera in 1853 for mapping, which was one of the earliest such. Pic.  
||1887: Edmund Newton Harvey born ... zoologist. He was acknowledged as one of the leading authorities on bioluminescence. Pic.


||1913 – Lewis Thomas, American physician, etymologist, and educator (d. 1993)
||1913: Lewis Thomas born ... physician, etymologist, and educator. Pic search yes.


File:Albert Einstein 1921.jpg|link=Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|1915: [[Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|Albert Einstein]] presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
File:Albert Einstein 1921.jpg|link=Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|1915: [[Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|Albert Einstein]] presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.


||Édouard Jean-Baptiste Goursat (d. 25 November 1936) was a French mathematician, now remembered principally as an expositor for his Cours d'analyse mathématique, which appeared in the first decade of the twentieth century. It set a standard for the high-level teaching of mathematical analysis, especially complex analysis. Pic.
||1936: Édouard Jean-Baptiste Goursat dies ... mathematician, now remembered principally as an expositor for his Cours d'analyse mathématique, which appeared in the first decade of the twentieth century. It set a standard for the high-level teaching of mathematical analysis, especially complex analysis. Pic.
 
||1936 – In Berlin, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, agreeing to consult on measures "to safeguard their common interests" in the case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation. The pact is renewed on the same day five years later with additional signatories.


||Alessandro Padoa (d. 25 November 1937) was an Italian mathematician and logician, a contributor to the school of Giuseppe Peano. He is remembered for a method for deciding whether, given some formal theory, a new primitive notion is truly independent of the other primitive notions.
||1936: In Berlin, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, agreeing to consult on measures "to safeguard their common interests" in the case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation. The pact is renewed on the same day five years later with additional signatories.


||1940 – Reinhard Furrer, Austrian-German physicist and astronaut (d. 1995)
||1937: Alessandro Padoa dies ... mathematician and logician, a contributor to the school of Giuseppe Peano. He is remembered for a method for deciding whether, given some formal theory, a new primitive notion is truly independent of the other primitive notions. Pic.


File:Hollywood Ten await fingerprinting.jpg|link=Hollywood Ten (nonfiction)|1947: Red Scare: The "[[Hollywood Ten (nonfiction)|Hollywood Ten]]" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.
||1937: Pavel Florensky killed ... theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor, polymath and neomartyr. Pic.


||1960 – The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are assassinated.
||1940: Reinhard Furrer born ... physicist and astronaut. Pic.


||1963 – President Kennedy is buried in Washington D.C..
||1945: Artist Patrick Nagel born. He created popular illustrations on board, paper, and canvas, most of which emphasize the female form in a distinctive style descended from Art Deco. He is best known for his illustrations for Playboy magazine and the pop group Duran Duran, for whom he designed the cover of the best-selling album ''Rio''. Pic search.


||1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald is buried in Fort Worth, TX.
File:Hollywood Ten await fingerprinting.jpg|link=Hollywood Ten (nonfiction)|1947: Red Scare: The "[[Hollywood Ten (nonfiction)|Hollywood Ten]]" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.


||1972 – Henri Coandă, Romanian engineer, designed the Coandă-1910 (b. 1886)
||1960: The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are assassinated. Pic.


||Eduard L. Stiefel (d. 25 November 1978) was a Swiss mathematician. Together with Cornelius Lanczos and Magnus Hestenes, he invented the conjugate gradient method, and gave what is now understood to be a partial construction of the Stiefel–Whitney classes of a real vector bundle, thus co-founding the study of characteristic classes. Pic.
||1963: President Kennedy is buried in Washington D.C. Pic.


||1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
||1963: Lee Harvey Oswald is buried in Fort Worth, TX. Pic.


||Dmitrii Evgenevich Menshov (d. 25 November 1988) was a Russian mathematician known for his contributions to the theory of trigonometric series.
||1972: Henri Coandă dies ... engineer, designed the Coandă-1910. Pic.


||Hans-Egon Richert (d. November 25, 1993) was a German mathematician who worked primarily in analytic number theory.
||1978: Eduard Stiefel dies ... mathematician. Together with Cornelius Lanczos and Magnus Hestenes, he invented the conjugate gradient method, and gave what is now understood to be a partial construction of the Stiefel–Whitney classes of a real vector bundle, thus co-founding the study of characteristic classes. Pic.


||2012 – Lars Hörmander, Swedish mathematician and educator (b. 1931)
||1986: Iran–Contra affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.


|File:Roger Zelazny 1988.jpg|link=Roger Zelazny (nonfiction)|Writer-Sorceror [[Roger Zelazny (nonfiction)|Roger Zelazny]] is behind the [[Rosewater cannon]] trade, says supervillain [[Abomynous]].
||1988: Dmitrii Menshov dies ... mathematician known for his contributions to the theory of trigonometric series. Pic search (fierce).


|File:HMS_Conundrum_loaded.jpg|link=Clarifications and Conundrums|A 'Conundrum', loaded with pipe, ready to be towed across the Channel. (Photo courtesy of [[Clarifications and Conundrums]].)
||1993: Hans-Egon Richert dies ... mathematician who worked primarily in analytic number theory. Pic search.


|File:Sistine Chapel.jpg|link=Flooding the Sistine Chapel|Proposals to [[Flooding the Sistine Chapel|flood the Sistine chapel]] meet with local opposition.
||2012: Lars Hörmander dies ... mathematician and educator. Pic.


|File:Minnesota Quaternary geologic map.jpg|link=Minnesota (nonfiction)|[[Minnesota (nonfiction)|Minnesota]] to review state maps, add missing geological eras.
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Latest revision as of 16:28, 7 February 2022

  • 1686: Scientist and bishop Niels Steensen dies. He questioned explanations for tear production, the idea that fossils grow in the ground.

    1686: Scientist and bishop Niels Steensen dies. He questioned explanations for tear production, the idea that fossils grow in the ground.

  • 1694: Mathematician and astronomer Ismaël Bullialdus dies. He was an active member of the Republic of Letters, and an early defender of the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.

    1694: Mathematician and astronomer Ismaël Bullialdus dies. He was an active member of the Republic of Letters, and an early defender of the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.

  • 1814: Physician and physicist Julius Robert von Mayer born. He will describe the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature; but his achievements will be overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat will be attributed to James Joule.

    1814: Physician and physicist Julius Robert von Mayer born. He will describe the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature; but his achievements will be overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat will be attributed to James Joule.

  • 1841: Mathematician and logician Ernst Schröder born. His monumental Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik will prepare the way for the emergence of mathematical logic as a separate discipline in the twentieth century by systematizing the various systems of formal logic of the day.

    1841: Mathematician and logician Ernst Schröder born. His monumental Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik will prepare the way for the emergence of mathematical logic as a separate discipline in the twentieth century by systematizing the various systems of formal logic of the day.

  • 1864: American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.

    1864: American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.

  • 1915: Albert Einstein presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

    1915: Albert Einstein presents the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

  • 1947: Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.

    1947: Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.

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