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| || *** DONE: Pics ***
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| ||1506: The three-day Lisbon Massacre comes to an end with the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese Catholics. Pic.
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| File:Petrus Apianus.jpg|link=Petrus Apianus (nonfiction)|1552: Mathematician and astronomer [[Petrus Apianus (nonfiction)|Petrus Apianus]] dies. His works on cosmography, ''Astronomicum Caesareum'' (1540) and ''Cosmographicus liber'' (1524), were extremely influential in his time. | | File:Petrus Apianus.jpg|link=Petrus Apianus (nonfiction)|1552: Mathematician and astronomer [[Petrus Apianus (nonfiction)|Petrus Apianus]] dies. His works on cosmography, ''Astronomicum Caesareum'' (1540) and ''Cosmographicus liber'' (1524), were extremely influential in his time. |
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| ||1642: Simon de la Loubère born ... mathematician, poet, and diplomat. Pic (book page).
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| ||1719: Michel Rolle born ... mathematician and author ... known for Rolle's theorem (1691). He is also the co-inventor of Gaussian elimination. Pic.
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| File:Philippe de La Hire.jpg|link=Philippe de La Hire (nonfiction)|1719: Painter, mathematician, astronomer, and architect [[Philippe de La Hire (nonfiction)|Philippe de La Hire]] dies.
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| File:Pierre Alexandre Laurent Forfait.jpg|link=Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait (nonfiction)|1752: Engineer, hydrographer, and politician [[Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait (nonfiction)|Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait]] born. He will design and oversee the building of ships, making structural improvements and developing techniques to improve the disposition of cargo in ships' holds.
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| File:The Eel Fighting Neptune Slaughter.jpg|link=The Eel Fighting Neptune Slaughter|1752: Mathematician, art critic, and alleged time-traveller [[The Eel]] stops aquatic cryptid and alleged supervillain [[Neptune Slaughter]] from kidnapping the newborn [[Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait (nonfiction)|Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait]].
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| File:Jean Baptiste Biot.jpg|link=Jean-Baptiste Biot (nonfiction)|1774: Physicist, astronomer, and mathematician [[Jean-Baptiste Biot (nonfiction)|Jean-Baptiste Biot]] born. He will establish the reality of meteorites, make an early balloon flight, and study the polarization of light. | | File:Jean Baptiste Biot.jpg|link=Jean-Baptiste Biot (nonfiction)|1774: Physicist, astronomer, and mathematician [[Jean-Baptiste Biot (nonfiction)|Jean-Baptiste Biot]] born. He will establish the reality of meteorites, make an early balloon flight, and study the polarization of light. |
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| ||1782: Pedagogue Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel born. He laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. Fröbel created the concept of the "kindergarten" and coined the word; he also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts. Pic.
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| ||1792: Tiradentes, a revolutionary leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is hanged, drawn and quartered. Pic.
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| ||1793: John Michell dies ... natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation. Considered "one of the greatest unsung scientists of all time", he was the first person known to propose the existence of black holes in publication, the first to suggest that earthquakes travel in waves, the first to explain how to manufacture artificial magnets, and the first to apply statistics to the study of the cosmos, recognizing that double stars were a product of mutual gravitation. He also invented an apparatus to measure the mass of the Earth. Pic: https://www.ecured.cu/John_Michell
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| File:Hannibal Goodwin.jpg|link=Hannibal Goodwin (nonfiction)|1822: Priest and inventor [[Hannibal Goodwin (nonfiction)|Hannibal Goodwin]] born. He will invent and patent rolled celluloid photographic film. | | File:Hannibal Goodwin.jpg|link=Hannibal Goodwin (nonfiction)|1822: Priest and inventor [[Hannibal Goodwin (nonfiction)|Hannibal Goodwin]] born. He will invent and patent rolled celluloid photographic film. |
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| File:Johann Friedrich Pfaff.jpg|link=Johann Friedrich Pfaff (nonfiction)|1825: Mathematician [[Johann Friedrich Pfaff (nonfiction)|Johann Friedrich Pfaff]] dies. He worked on partial differential equations of the first order Pfaffian systems, as they are now called, which became part of the theory of differential forms.
| | File:Waking the Slate.jpg|link=The Waking of the Slate|1900: '''[[The Waking of the Slate]]''' ceremony is louder than ever. |
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| File:Richard_Trevithick.jpg|link=Richard Trevithick (nonfiction)|1826: Engineer and gentleman detective [[Richard Trevithick (nonfiction)|Richard Trevithick]] develops a high-pressure steam engine which is unaffected by any known [[crime against physical constants]].
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| ||1835: Samuel Slater dies ... industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" (a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson) and the "Father of the American Factory System." In the UK, he was called "Slater the Traitor" because he brought British textile technology to America, modifying it for United States use. Pic.
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| ||1869: Friederich Pius Philipp Furtwängler born ... number theorist. Pic.
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| ||1875: Teiji Takagi born ... mathematician, best known for proving the Takagi existence theorem in class field theory. The Blancmange curve, the graph of a nowhere-differentiable but uniformly continuous function, is also called the Takagi curve after his work on it. Pic.
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| File:Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels.jpg|link=Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels|1881: Twain reminisces about ''[[Mark Twain Interviews Wallace War-Heels]]'', calls it "the interview of a lifetime, and a singular bauble in the treasure-chest of memory."
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| File:Percy Williams Bridgman.jpg|link=Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|1882: Physicist and academic [[Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|Percy Williams Bridgman]] born. He will win the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.
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| ||1889: Paul Karrer born ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||1896: Karl Nikolaus Adalbert Krueger dies ... astronomer. Born in Marienburg, Prussia (now Malbork, Poland), he was editor of Astronomische Nachrichten from 1881 until his death. Pic.
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| File:Waking the Slate.jpg|link=The Waking of the Slate|1900: [[The Waking of the Slate]] ceremony is louder than ever. | |
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| ||1903: Isaac Jacob Schoenberg born ... mathematician, known for his discovery of splines. Pic.
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| ||1904: Jurjen Ferdinand Koksma born ... mathematician who specialized in analytic number theory. Pic: book cover.
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| ||1909: Eduard Stiefel born ... mathematician. Together with Cornelius Lanczos and Magnus Hestenes, he invented the conjugate gradient method, and gave what is now understood to be a partial construction of the Stiefel–Whitney classes of a real vector bundle, thus co-founding the study of characteristic classes. Pic.
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| File:Mark Twain by Abdullah Frères, 1867.jpg|link=Mark Twain (nonfiction)|1910: Writer, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer [[Mark Twain (nonfiction)|Mark Twain]] dies.
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| ||1913: Choh Hao Li dies ... biologist and chemist ... discovered, in 1966, that human pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin) consists of a chain of 256 amino acids. In 1970 he succeeded in synthesizing this hormone, the largest protein molecule synthesized up to that time. Pic search.
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| ||1913: Richard Beeching born ... physicist and engineer ... British Railways. Pic.
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| ||1914: Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near Veracruz.
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| ||1918: Joseph Williams Lovibond dies ... brewer who developed the world's first practical colorimeter as a means of ensuring the high quality of his beer. He was the originator of the Degrees Lovibond scale. Pic search.
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| ||1918: World War I: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, better known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over Vaux-sur-Somme in France.
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| ||1921: John Robert Huizenga born ... physicist who helped build the first atomic bomb and who also debunked Utah scientists' claim of achieving cold fusion. Pic search.
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| ||1922: Alfred Bray Kempe dies ... mathematician best known for his work on linkages and the four color theorem. Pic.
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| ||1926: Aleksandăr Lûdskanov born ... translator, semiotician, mathematician, and expert on machine translation. Ludskanov's work focused on linking translation and semiotics by defining the key component of translation as semiotic transfer, which he defined as replacing the signs that encode a message with signs from another code while doing the utmost to maintain "invariant information with respect to a given system of reference." No DOB. No pic online.
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| ||1929: Emanuel Parzen born ... statistician. He worked and published on signal detection theory and time series analysis, where he pioneered the use of kernel density estimation (also known as the Parzen window in his honor). Pic: http://www.science.tamu.edu/news/story.php?story_ID=1055#.W5Ht0OhKhaQ
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| ||1930: Columbus Penitentiary fire. Pic
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| File:Loch_Ness_Monster_Surgeon's_photograph.jpg|link=Loch Ness Monster (nonfiction)|1934: The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the [[Loch Ness Monster (nonfiction)|Loch Ness Monster]], is published in the Daily Mail. (It will be revealed as a hoax in 1999.) | | File:Loch_Ness_Monster_Surgeon's_photograph.jpg|link=Loch Ness Monster (nonfiction)|1934: The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the [[Loch Ness Monster (nonfiction)|Loch Ness Monster]], is published in the Daily Mail. (It will be revealed as a hoax in 1999.) |
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| ||1954: Emil Leon Post dies ... mathematician and logician. Pic.
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| ||link=Operation Gold (nonfiction)|1956: Eleven months after [[Operation Gold (nonfiction)|Operation Gold]] went into operation, Soviet and East German soldiers broke into the eastern end of the tunnel.
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| ||1960: Brasília, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 09:30, the Three Powers of the Republic are simultaneously transferred from the old capital, Rio de Janeiro.
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| ||1961: David Servan-Schreiber born ... physician, neuroscientist, and author. Pic search.
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| ||1962: Frederick Handley Page dies ... industrialist who was a pioneer in the aircraft industry and became known as the father of the heavy bomber. Pic (charming).
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| ||1964: A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg) of radioactive plutonium in its SNAP RTG power source is widely dispersed.
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| File:Edward_Victor_Appleton_(1947).jpg|link=Edward Victor Appleton (nonfiction)|1965: Physicist and academic [[Edward Victor Appleton (nonfiction)|Edward Victor Appleton]] dies. Appleton made pioneering contributions to radiophysics, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1947 for his seminal work proving the existence of the ionosphere during experiments carried out in 1924. | | File:Edward_Victor_Appleton_(1947).jpg|link=Edward Victor Appleton (nonfiction)|1965: Physicist and academic [[Edward Victor Appleton (nonfiction)|Edward Victor Appleton]] dies. Appleton made pioneering contributions to radiophysics, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1947 for his seminal work proving the existence of the ionosphere during experiments carried out in 1924. |
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| ||1967: André-Louis Danjon dies ... astronomer who devised a now standard five-point scale for rating the darkness and colour of a total lunar eclipse, which is known as the Danjon Luminosity Scale. He studied Earth's rotation, and developed astronomical instruments, including a photometer to measure Earthshine - the brightness of a dark moon due to light reflected from Earth. It consisted of a telescope in which a prism split the Moon's image into two identical side-by-side images. By adjusting a diaphragm to dim one of the images until the sunlit portion had the same apparent brightness as the earthlit portion on the unadjusted image, he could quantify the diaphragm adjustment, and thus had a real measurement for the brightness of Earthshine.*TIS Pic search.
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| ||1972: Frederick Vinton Hunt dies ... inventor, a scientist and a professor at Harvard University who worked in the field of acoustic engineering. He developed the first efficient and modern sonar system, for this work received the Medal for Merit from President Truman (1947), and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal by the U.S. Navy in 1970. Pic.
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| ||1980: Alexander Oparin dies ... biochemist and academic. ... notable for his theories about the origin of life, and for his book ''The Origin of Life''. He also showed that many food-production processes were based on biocatalysis, and developed the foundations for industrial biochemistry in the USSR. Pic.
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| ||1992: The first discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail. They discovered two planets orbiting the pulsar PSR 1257+12.
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| File:Henriette_Avram.jpg|link=Henriette Avram (nonfiction)|1993: Computer scientist and academic [[Henriette Avram (nonfiction)|Henriette Avram]] uses the MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) format to identify and document [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
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| ||2013: Shakuntala Devi born ... mathematician and astrologer. Pic.
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| ||2014: George H. Heilmeier dies ... engineer ... LCD. Pic.
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| ||2014: The American city of Flint, Michigan switches its water source to the Flint River, beginning the ongoing Flint water crisis which has caused lead poisoning in up to 12,000 people, and 15 deaths from Legionnaires disease, ultimately leading to criminal indictments against 15 people, five of whom have been charged with involuntary manslaughter.
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| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
